ENGLISH PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 1 - 8

UNIT 1

UNIT 2

UNIT 3

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

UNIT 6

UNIT 7

UNIT 8

Unit 1

PSYCHOLOGY AT A GLANCE

      Psychology studies the activities of individual. The science of human behaviours is actually a group of sciences. On one side we find psychology investigating the organs and cells that do the work of the organism, and the other side we see the social sciences studying nations and groups of mankind. There is room for a middle science that shall focus is attention on the individual. That middle science is psychology.  Psychology studies the individual's activities through-out his span of life, from the beginning before birth, up through the end of life. During this life history, the Man remains the same individual, although his behavior shows continuity along whit many changes. Psychology compares children and adults, the normal and the abnormal and the human and the animal. It is interested in the differences between one individual and another , and still more interested, if possible, in the general laws of activity including event of very different individuals-laws, for example, of growth, learning, thinking and emotion. Psychology can be defined as the science of the individual's activities.

The word "activity" is used here in a broad sense.It includes not only motor activities like walking and speaking but also cognitive (knowledge-getting) activities like seeing , hearing, remembering, thinking, and other emotional activities like laughing and crying, or feeling happy or sad. These last may seem passive, because they are activities, for they depend on the life of the organism. Any manifestation of life can be called an activity. No matter how passive an individual may seem to himself in watching a game or listening to music, he is really carrying on an activity. The only way to be completely in active is to be dead.

TRANSLATION :

SEKILAS  TENTANG PSIKOLOGI

               Psikologi mempelajari kegiatan individu. Ilmu mengenai perilaku manusia sesungguhnya adalah sekelompok ilmu. Di satu sisi  psikologi menyelidiki tentang organ dan sel-sel yang melakukan pekerjaan organisme, dan sisi lain kita melihat ilmu-ilmu sosial yang mempelajari bangsa dan kelompok umat manusia. Di tengah-tengah ilmu tersebut memfokuskan perhatiannya pada individu. Psikologi adalah kegiatan penelitian individu melalui  rentang hidupnya, dari awal sebelum kelahiran, sampai sampai akhir kehidupan. Selama rentang hidupnya, Manusia tetap merupakan individu yang sama, meskipun perilakunya menunjukkan kontinuitas bersama dengan banyak perubahan. Psikologi membandingkan anak-anak dan orang dewasa, yang normal dan abnormal dan manusia dan hewan. Hal ini tertarik pada perbedaan antara satu individu dan lainnya, dan hal menarik lainnya, jika mungkin, dalam hukum umum kegiatan termasuk acara yang sangat berbeda dengan hukum individu, misalnya, pertumbuhan, belajar, berpikir dan emosi. Psikologi dapat didefinisikan sebagai ilmu dari kegiatan individu.

           Kata "kegiatan" digunakan dalam arti yang luas meliputi tidak hanya kegiatan motorik seperti berjalan dan berbicara, tetapi juga kegiatan kognitif (pengetahuan) kegiatan seperti melihat, mendengar, mengingat, berpikir, dan kegiatan emosi lain seperti tertawa dan menangis, atau merasa senang atau sedih. Akhir-akhir ini mungkin tampak pasif, karena mereka adalah aktivitas, karena mereka bergantung pada kehidupan organisme. Setiap manifestasi kehidupan dapat disebut suatu kegiatan. Tidak peduli seberapa pasif seseorang mungkin tampak untuk dirinya sendiri dalam menonton permainan atau mendengarkan musik, ia benar-benar menjalankan suatu kegiatan. Satu-satunya cara untuk benar-benar tidak aktif adalah mati.


Phonetic Symbol of verbs in text “pschology at a glance”

1.      Studies                   : stə́diz

2.      Investigating           : ɪ̀nvɛ́stəgètɪŋ

3.      Do                          : dú

4.      Studying                 : stə́diɪŋ

5.      Shows                    : ʃóz

6.      Learning                : lə́rnɪŋ

7.      Walking                 : wɒ́kɪŋ

8.      Speaking                : spíkɪŋ

9.      Seeing                    : síɪŋ

10.  Hearing                  : hɪ́rɪŋ

11.  Remembering         : rəmɛ́mbərɪŋ

12.  Thinking                 : θɪ́ŋkəŋ

13.  Laughing                : lǽfɪŋ

14.  Crying                    : krájɪŋ

15.  Watching               : wɑ́tʃɪŋ

16.  Listening               : lɪ́sənɪŋ

17.  Carrying                 : kǽriɪŋ

EXERCISE 1

Answer these following questions

       1.  What is psychology ?

     Answer : Psychology is a science(s) that studies about activity of individual and the science of human  behavior.

2 . Name some individual activities.
Answer : Some individual activities :
1.    Motor activities                 : walking and speaking
2.    Cognitive activies              : seeing, hearing, remembering and thinking
3.    Emotional activities          : laughing, crying, feeling happy or sad

3. Give example(s) of motor, cognitive, and emotional activities!
Answer :
4.    Motor activities                 : walking and speaking
5.    Cognitive activies              : seeing, hearing, remembering and thinking
6.    Emotional activities          : laughing, crying, feeling happy or sad

4. Is listening to music a kind activity? Why? Why not?
Answer :Yes,it is. Because when we listening to music, we doing cognitive activity.
             No, it is not. Because music is a result of the activity.

5.  What is meant by : the science of human behavior is actually a group of science?
Answer :Because one side we find psychology investigating the organs and cells that to the work of the organism, and the other side wee see the social sciences studying nations and groups of mankind.

6. When do we call an individual completely inactive?
Answer :When the individual doing nothing or dead.

7.  The word “activity” is used in a very broad of sense. What does it mean?
Answer : It includes not only motor activity but also cognitive (knowledge getting) activity, and emotional activity.

8.  What kind of activity is happening when you write a letter to your girl friend or boy friend?
Answer : Motor activity (because we write the letter), cognitive activity (because we thinking what we will write on the letter), and emotional activity (because we feeling happy or sad when we write the letter).

9.  Why do we study human behavior?
Answer : Purpose of studying human behavior is so that we can examine the human behavior from birth, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old and eventually die.

10. What causes the differences between individuals?
Answer :The differences between individuals are the activity that they did, like motoric activity, cognitive activity and emotional activity.

LANGUAGE WORK

A sentence is a group of words constructed orderly. It needs certain rules how to put the words into a sentence. First of all, we have to analyze the parts of speech, that is, the classification of the word. Traditionally, a word in English is divided into four parts of speech, namely, noun, adjective, verb, and adverb. Look at these examples.
1. Psychology compares children and adults.     

                Psychology       : noun

                Compares         : verb

                Children           : noun

                Adult                : noun
           2. The word “activity” is used here in a very broad sense.

                Word                : noun

                Activity            : noun

                Is                      : verb

                Used                : verb

                Here                 : adverb

                Very                 : adverb

                 Broad               : adjective

                 Sense               : noun

EXERCISE 2

Behavior, attention, childhood, adolescence, maturity, motor activity, cognitive activity, emotional activity, investigates

1.    He loves his mother very much. When his mother was sick, she showed his attention.

2.    When he was child, he never played toys. He really had an un happychildhood.

3.    Their behavior towards me shows that they do not like me. It can be proved from how they look at me. When we meet, they always look away for me.

4.    When a boy or girl gets biological changes and psychological changes (puberty), he or she enters in the adolescence era.

5.    When a baby learns how to take a walk and how to talk, he develops his motor activity.

6.    It is common for a mother to make her baby smile by doing a funny thing. Often, she doesn’t get smiling and crying, even laughing, is good for a baby because at such time he develops his emotional activity.

7.    There was a mysterious murder. The police get difficulties to handle this case and look for the murderer. Finally they ask some detective to investigates this case.

8.    In Javanese culture when a baby is just delivered by a mother, they other people always try to wake the baby up by making aloud noise. The baby, of course, is suprised. But it is good for him because he develops his cognitive activity or emoional activity. 

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

VERB 1	VERB 2	VERB 3	MEANING
awake	awoke	awoken	bangun/bangkit
abide	abode	abode	tinggal
arise	arose	arisen	terbit
become	became	become	menjadi
be	was	been	Ialah/adalah
bear	bore	born	Memikul,menderita,lahir
beat	beat	beaten	memukul
befall	befell	befallen	menimpa
beget	begot	begotten	Melahirkan
begin	began	begun	mulai
behold	beheld	beheld	Melihat
bend	bent	bent	Membengkokkan
bereave	bereaved	bereaved	Merampas
beseech	besought	besought	Memohon
bet	betted	betted	Bertaruh
bid	bade	bidden	Memerintahkan
bid	bid	bid	Minta,menawar
bind	bound	bound	Mengikat
bite	bit	bitten	Menggigit
bleed	bled	bled	Berdarah
blow	blew	blown	Bertiup,menghembus
break	broke	broken	Memecahkan
breed	bred	bred	Memelihara,mendidik
bring	brought	brought	membawa
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	Memancarkan
build	built	built	Membangun
burn	burned	burned	Membakar
burst	burst	burst	Merekah,meledak
buy	bought	bought	Membeli
can	could	Be able	Dapat,bisa
cast	cast	cast	melempar
catch	caught	caught	Menangkap
chide	chid	chidden	Memarahi
choose	chose	chosen	Memilih
cleave	clive	clove	Membelah
cling	clung	clung	Melekat
clothe	clothde	clothde	Memakai pakaian
come	came	come	Dating
cost	cost	cost	Berharga
creep	crept	crept	Merangkak
crow	crowed	crowed	Berkokoh,bangga
cut	cut	cut	Memotong
dare	dared	dared	Memberanikan diri
deal	dealt	dealt	Membagi ,berdagang
dig	dug	dug	Menggali
Do	did	done	Mengerjakan
draw	drew	drawn	Menggambar
dream	dreamed	dreamed	Bermimpi
drink	drank	drunk	Minum
drive	drove	driven	Mengendarai
dwell	dwelled	dwelled	Bertempat tinggal
eat	ate	eaten	Makan
fall	fell	fallen	Jatuh
feed	fed	fed	Member makan
feel	felt	felt	Merasa
faight	fought	fought	Berkelahi
find	found	found	Mendapat,menemukan
flee	fled	fled	Melarikan diri
fling	flung	flung	Membuang
fly	flew	flown	Terbang
forbear	forbore	forborne	Menyabarkan,menahan diri
forbid	forbade	forbidden	Melarang
forget	forgot	forgotten	Melupakan
forgive	forgave	firgiven	Memaafkan
forsake	foresooke	forsaken	Meninggalkan
frieze	froze	frozen	Membeku
get	got	got	Memoeroleh
gild	gilded	gilded	Menyepuh
gird	girded	girded	Mengikat
give	gave	given	Memberi,menyerahkan
go	went	gone	Pergi
grind	ground	ground	Mengasah,menggerinda
grow	grew	grown	Tumbuh,timbul
hang	hanged	hanged	Bergantung,menggantungkan
have	had	had	Mempunyai
hear	heard	heard	Mendengar
hew	hewed	hewed	Memotong,memarang
hide	hid	hidden	Bersembunyi,menyembunyikan
hit	hit	hit	Memukul,mengenai
hold	held	held	Memegang,menahan
hurt	hurt	hurt	Melukai
keep	kept	kept	Memegang,menyimpan
kneel	knelt	knelt	Berlutut
knit	knit	knit	Merajut
know	knew	known	Mengetahui,mengenal
lay	laid	laid	Menaruh
lead	led	led	Memimpin
lean	leaned	leaned	Bersandar
leap	leaped	leaped	Meloncat
learn	learned	learned	Belajar
leave	left	left	Berangkat,meninggalkan
lend	lent	lent	Meminjamkan
let	let	let	Membiarkan
light	lighted	lighted	Memerangi,menyalakan
lose	lost	lost	Kehilangan
make	made	made	Membuat
mean	meant	meant	Berarti,bermaksud
meet	met	met	bertemu
mow	mowed	mowed	Menyabit
pay	paid	paid	Membayar
put	put	put	Meletakkan
read	read	read	membaca
rend	rent	rent	Mengoyak,mencabik
rid	rid	rid	Membersihkan
ride	rode	ridden	Menunggang
ring	rang	rung	Berdering,mengepung
rise	rose	risen	Naik,terbit
Run	ran	run	Lari,berlari
saw	sawed	sawed	Menggergaji
say	said	said	Berkata,mengatakan
see	saw	seen	melihat
seek	sought	sought	Mencari
sell	sold	sold	Menjual
set	set	set	Menaruh,mengatur,menyetel
sew	sewed	sewed	Menjahit
shake	shook	shaken	Bergoncang
shear	sheared	sheared	Menggunting,mencukur
shed	shed	shed	Menumpahkan
shine	shone	shone	Bersinar
shoe	shoed	shoed	Memasang ladam kuda
shoot	shot	shot	Menembak
show	showed	showed	Menunjukkan,mempertunjukkan
shrink	shrank	shrunk	Mengerut
shut	shut	shut	Menutup
Sing	sang	sung	Menyanyi
sink	sank	sunk	Tenggelam
sit	Sat	sat	Duduk
slay	slew	slain	Membunuh
sleep	slept	slept	Tidur
slide	slid	slid	Longsor
sling	slung	slung	Melemparkan
slink	slunk	slunk	Menyelinap
slit	slit	slit	Membelah
smell	Smelled/smelt	Smelled/smelt	Berbau,mencium
smite	smote	smitten	Memikuk,mengalahkan
sow	sowed	sowed	Menaburkan
speak	spoke	spoken	Berbicara
speed	Speeded/sped	Speeded/sped	Mempercepat
spell	Spelled/spelt	Spelled/spelt	Mengeja
spend	spent	spent	Mengeluarkan,menghabiskan
spill	Spilled/spilt	Spilled/spilt	Menumpahkan
spin	spun	spun	Mengantih,memintal
spit	spat	spat	Meludah
split	split	split	Membelah,menceraikan
spread	Spread	spread	Membentangkan,memancar
spring	sprang	sprung	Melompat
stand	stood	stood	Berdiri
steal	stole	stolen	Mencuri
stick	stuck	stuck	Menempelkan
sting	stung	stung	Menyengat
stink	Stank/stunk	stunk	Berbau busuk,busuk
strew	strewed	Strewed/strewn	Menyebar,menaburkan
stride	strode	stridden	Melangkah
strike	struck	struck	Memukul,mengenai
string	strung	strung	Member tali (senar)
strive	strove	striven	Menuju,mengejar cita-cita
swear	swore	sworn	Bersumpah
sweep	swept	swept	Menyapu,menghapus
swell	swelled	swelled	Membengkak,berlagak
swim	swam	swum	Berenang
swing	swung	swung	Membuai,mengayunkan
take	took	taken	Mengambil
teach	taught	taught	Mengajar
tear	tore	torn	Merobek,menyobek
think	thought	thought	Mengira,menyangka
thrive	thrived	thrived	Berkembang
throw	threw	thrown	Melemparkan
thrust	thrust	thrust	Menikam,memasukkan
tread	trod	trodden	Menjejak,melangkah
understand	understood	understood	Mengerti
undertake	understook	undertaken	Memikul,menjamin
wake	waked	waked	Berjaga,melek
wean	wore	worn	Memakai
weave	wove	woven	Menenun
weep	wept	wept	Menangis
wet	wetted	wetted	Membasahi
win	won	won	Memutar
wind	wound	wound	Memutar,melilit
wring	wrung	wrung	Memulas,menjepit
write	wrote	written	menulis