Clinical Psychology

Clinical psychology is one kind of applied psychology which until now often questioned the meaning, position, and its role in comparison with psychiatry. In terms of Clinical Psychology, psychology and even still there's not much to know. Even after use, in the 1530's, has shown clearly the existence of uncertainty about what exactly the material discussed in this psychology. Philip Melacthon who in the plan of psychology, stating that the substance or matter of psychology is the combination of physiology, angels, demons, and the Lord who appeared in behavioral symptoms. Can imagine the complexity, what is facing clinical psychology if psychology is considered the science of the material. Then, the functionalist psychology assumes that matter is mental or psychological function, such as emotions and the intellect.

In the 1920's show that the existence of material Watson psychology based on the rules of science as objective, measurable and observable, is behavioral. Subsequent psychological development became an even more complicated, because so many follow the development of philosophy, especially about human nature and methodology. Thus, clinical psychology in accordance with the development of psychology materials in general, is also facing the same problem, is the complexity of what actually read psychology: soul, spirit, mental, behavior, experience, appreciation, and others.

Judging from history, most likely Psikoogi Clinical psychology is the discourse of the oldest and is a root of the discourse of psychology in general. However, viewed from the position and function in relation to psychology as an independent branch of Clinical Psychology is not the main pillars of the science of psychology. Thus there is no basic rule of Clinical Psychology and become the foundation that supports the main principles of psychology in general. That there is even the contrary, the discourse of clinical psychology are progressively based on the use of the rules of psychology.

The pillars which include psychology is a sub-sub-disciplines of psychology, namely General Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology and Personality Study (more commonly known by the name of Psychology Keporibadian). In the basic understanding, Clinical Psikololgi m, erupakan science that apply or applied as a base of Abnormal Psychology. Meanwhile, Abnormal Psychology is a "continuation" of the Study or Personality Psychology. However, as the science of psychology in general, which is the study of behavior and appreciation of one's experience. Clinical psychology is also a study about a person's behavior. Clinical psychology is also a study of the behavior of an individual is typically (a particular individual).

Clinical psychology is based upon the opinion of Hippocrates, that every behavior, including symptoms of pain, originating from the brain. Furthermore, what is meant by "brain" was expanded into the requirements, and specifically for the behavior, the definition of "brain" is disubstitrusikan with "psyche" or "soul", "mental" or "mind".

At first, Clinical Psychology is a field of applied studies and also about the little tiny part of psychology as a whole. Clinical Asamen, previously better known for diagnostic or psychological problems called psikodiagnostika, an attempt to understand the symptoms related to problems experienced by children. Clinical Asament This is a major professional aktiitas undertaken by the practitioner of Clinical Psychology, which at that time kebanyakanterbatas in skills. A number of clinicians who conduct psychotherapy mioritas, perform under psychiatric supervision. Private practice are generally rare, that in a consultation kegiatannyaterutama more psychological than actual Clinical Psychology. As for which is fixed concentration, more widely known role as a mental tester by or for another profession. The point is that the Clinical Psychologist accept requests of other professions, such as psychiatrists, psychologists and Organiasai industry, teachers, and other professions to perform mental tests against their clients or patients.

The interval between 1896 and 1946 are important years in Clinical Psychology. In that period, the practice of clinical psychology as well as discourse about discourse to dominate psychology in general. Surviving the term "psychology" related to the term "clinic" which means the place where people seek treatment, was first done by L. Witmer (Arieti, 1959 & Phares, 1993). From this merger can be seen that the applied field is grounded in two different disciplines ie, academic psychology and medicine. Clinical Psychology is a combination of Medical Psychology (which is the development of psychiatry), and "University Clinicss" founded by L. Witmer which is a further development of mental tests and experimental psychology, or psychology is often also called "academic", psychology as a science.

Lightner Witmer in 1896 founded the Psychological Clinic or "Psychologocal Clinic" was the first at the University of Pennsylvania. Therefore, in 1896 is considered as the year of the discovery of clinical psychology as a profession. At this clinic psychologist task is to examine children who have difficulty absorbing their lessons. Clinical psychology at that time did not move seagai adan mops; ayanan for the sick or those who experience adjustment disorders. At other universities, the establishment of such a psychological clinic kemusian emerging, such as psychology clinic that was built by Carl E. Seashore at the University of Iowa. In 1914 has recorded 19 clinical psychology built, and the number increased sharply in 1935 to 87 fruit to the clinic (Louttit, 1939).

In 1946, before psychotherapy became a professional activity that remain for clinical psychologists. Since the 1970s, most clinical psychologists conducting psychotherapy, while the activities of the assessment or diagnosis only seize 10% of the total time used in practice.

In practical activities, clinical psychologist over a bit like a psychologist in general from the pastor or the manager persoalia or doctor. In common between them is an individual evaluation on time and on your particular environment. Its main task is to understand the individual in greater depth as the foundation for handling the following specific purposes that have been designed.

Therefore, clinical psychology has no medical education, the right of a clinical psychologist to provide psychotherapy sekiar years 1950-1980 are often disputed. The term psychotherapy can only be done by psikiaer. There fomal education which is usually done at the university for the purpose of obtaining a degree, and there preaktik education conducted in nstitusi to menujang special skills associated with psychology and psychological asrsmen. For educational practice, which plays an important role is professional organization.

Hien Yap Kie (1968) suggested some other term for "Clinical Psychology." These terms are not entirely to own the same meaning as each istilahmewakili flow varies. These terms are psychopathology, abnormal psychology, medical psychology, pato psychology and mental health psychology.

As has been stated that clinical psychology include nasesmen, intervention and research. Stability in the foreign countries clinical psychology as a profession in the practice of clinical psychology is supported by a professional organization of clinical psychology, published the journal that contains the clinical psychology research, establishment of study for clinical psychology program supported professional organizations and others.

In Indonesia alone educational psychology dipelopri by Slamet Iman Santoso. Education is expected to establish an institution capable of putting the right man in the right place, because in those days many instances where people who are less competent occupy an important position so as to make the wrong decision

Beginning from pendiodikan psychology conducted in institutions led by Teutelink psikoteknik who later became stiudy psychology program ever shelter under brbagai faculty at the University of Indonesia. In Jakarta, the subjects covered philosophy faculty of arts; eyes unto me the statistics by the economics faculty, and courses faat by the faculty of medicine.

Psychology studies program later in the year 1956-1960 to be majoring in psychology at the UI medical school. In 1960 psychology became an independent faculty in the UI (Somadikarta et. Al. 2000). Curriculum and program implementation study of psychology began before 1960, supervised by experts who have education Doctoral (S3) and Doploma from the Netherlands and Germany. Liepokliem establish the clinical and psychotherapy at the barracks I RSUP (RSCM). Hien Yap Kie establishing experimental psychology in Salemba section. Myra Sidharta establish a child guidance clinic. Moelyono lead agian Koestoer and vocational psychology and the company (now the industrial and organizational psychology) and then amplified by ASMunandar. the social posikologi pioneered by Marat then led by Z. Joesoef. after the departure Liepokliem to Australia, the clinical psychology and psychotherapy renamed the section of clinical psychology and counseling led by Yap Kie Hien (1960-1969). But with the broad understanding of clinical psychology, then the name of the clinical-counseling psychology changed again become part of clinical psychology.

Since 1992, academic education and professional educational psychologist psychology separated to allow scholars to continue into other areas of interest to them. Previously, scholars of psychology is also a psychologist for academic education combined practice education. Since the year 20,200, a forum agreed that a prerequisite for professional education psychologists - in order to make the practice of psychology - is the level of S2, but it was only enforced in the UI only. The forum consists of the dean-dean of the Faculty of Psychology - which now reaches 20 Faculty of Psychology and private - and organizational Psychology Association of Indonesia (Himpsi).

Since 1994, the psychologist who practiced - that provide psychological consultation, assessment or psikodiagnostik, and doing counseling and therapy - Practice Psychologists are required to have permits. Permission was obtained after they received recommendations from oeganisasi profession - first degree in Psychology Association, now Himpsi. Permits issued by the Department of Labor (1994-2000) and is scheduled to be issued by Himpsi own.

In Indonesia, professional education specialist clinical psychology has not formally held, when in fact there are enough experienced experts in various fields such as clinical psychology behavior therapy, family therapy, counseling. The effort to open lines of specialist-professional education should be supported by professional organizations (ISPSI / HIMPSI) because the government - namely the Directorate of Higher Education Ministry. Education Naisonal - more priority to academic education